Effect of diclofenac suppository on pain control during flexible

To compare the difference in pain score during flexible TRIAL DESIGN: cystoscopy between patients undergoing the procedure with plain lubricating gel only and plain gel with diclofenac suppository in a randomized control trial. : A total of 60 male patients with an indication of flexible cystoscopy METHODS were enrolled in a prospective, randomized controlled study. Patients were randomized in two groups. In group “A”, patients received diclofenac suppository one hour prior to the procedure while group “B” did not receive diclofenac suppository. Both groups received 10 ml of intra-urethral plain gel for lubrication during flexible cystoscopy. Pain score was recorded immediately after the procedure using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Preand post-procedure pulse rate and systolic blood pressure was also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test and student t-test. Regression analysis was performed to address the confounding variables. : Both groups were comparable for variables including age, duration RESULTS of procedure, level of operating surgeon and indication of procedure. Most common indication for flexible cystoscopy was removal of double J stent. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean pain score between two groups ( = 0.012). The difference in post-procedure mean pulse rate in the p two groups was statistically significant ( = 0.01) however there was no p difference observed in mean post procedure systolic blood pressure. Regression analysis showed that none of the confounding variables were significantly affecting pain perception. Intra rectal diclofenac suppository is simple and effective CONCLUSIONS: pre-emptive analgesia. We recommend its routine use during flexible cystoscopy for better pain control. M Hammad Ather ( ) Corresponding author: [email protected] Nadeem M and Ather MH. How to cite this article: Effect of diclofenac suppository on pain control during flexible cystoscopy-A 2016, :2834 (doi: ) randomized controlled trial [version 1; referees: 3 approved] F1000Research 5 10.12688/f1000research.9519.1 © 2016 Nadeem M and Ather MH. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated Licence with the article are available under the terms of the (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver This work was funded by a University of Research Council Grant (70823) to HA. Grant information: The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. 08 Dec 2016, :2834 (doi: ) First published: 5 10.12688/f1000research.9519.1 Referee Status: